📝 Worksheet: Sentence Structure and Descriptive Writing

🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this activity, you will be able to:

Identify and differentiate between the four main types of sentence structure: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex.
Construct grammatically correct examples of all four sentence types.
Apply a variety of sentence structures effectively in a cohesive and descriptive paragraph.
Produce a descriptive text about an Indonesian cultural topic that is engaging and structurally sound.

🏗️ Phase 1: Presentation & Review

📚 Instruction: Sentence Structure Foundations

Review the provided materials to fully understand the definitions and rules for each of the four main sentence types. Pay close attention to the role of independent clauses, dependent clauses, and conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating).

Simple Sentence: One independent clause.
Compound Sentence: Two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or a semicolon.
Complex Sentence: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, joined by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun.
Compound-Complex Sentence: Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Access the provided presentation here

🛠️ Phase 2: Practice & Application

✍️ Instruction: Targeted Sentence Construction

Apply the rules you learned in Phase 1 by composing original sentences for each type. This practice ensures you can correctly apply the required grammatical structures before moving to a longer text. Access the Practice Worksheet here

🌟 Phase 3: Production & Submission

📝 Instruction: Descriptive Text Draft and Revision

You will now apply your knowledge of varied sentence structures to create a vivid and engaging descriptive text.

Step 1: Drafting

Select a Topic: Choose one favorite place, food, or festival in Indonesia (e.g., Borobudur Temple, Rendang, Galungan festival).
Length Requirement: Your descriptive text must be a minimum of 15–20 sentences long.
Sentence Structure Integration: You must intentionally and accurately include at least three (3) examples of each of the four sentence types (Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex) within your 15–20 sentence text.
- Tip: Highlight or underline your examples as you draft.
Focus: The text must be highly descriptive, using strong adjectives, sensory details, and active verbs.
Draft your text here

Step 2: Peer Check & Revision

Exchange: Swap your drafted text with a peer.
Peer Review Focus: Your peer must check the following:
- Is the text descriptive and engaging?
- Does the text meet the 15-20 sentence minimum?
- Crucially: Can they correctly identify at least three of each sentence type (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)? (They should mark the examples).
Revise: Based on the peer feedback, make necessary corrections to both the descriptive language and, most importantly, the grammatical accuracy of your sentence structures.

✔️ Grading Rubric (Phase 3: Production)

Criteria	4 - Excellent	3 - Proficient	2 - Developing	1 - Needs Improvement
Sentence Structure Variety	Accurately and skillfully uses 3+ of each sentence type. Structures are sophisticated and enhance the writing.	Accurately uses 3 of each sentence type. Structures are correct but may lack complexity.	Uses 2 or fewer of each sentence type, or structures contain multiple grammatical errors.	Structures are mostly incorrect or are entirely dominated by simple sentences.
Descriptive Language & Detail	Text is highly descriptive, using vivid imagery and strong sensory details to bring the topic to life.	Text is descriptive and clear, using good adjectives and relevant details.	Text is somewhat generic; details are minimal or lack sensory impact.	Text is vague and dull; descriptive language is almost entirely absent.
Length & Topic Focus	Text is 18-20+ sentences and maintains a clear, consistent focus on the chosen Indonesian topic.	Text is 15-17 sentences and stays focused on the topic.	Text is 12-14 sentences; focus occasionally drifts or text is too brief.	Text is under 12 sentences or lacks a clear focus on the Indonesian topic.
Conventions & Mechanics	Error-free (grammar, spelling, punctuation). Peer revisions were clearly applied.	Contains 1-2 minor errors that do not impede understanding.	Contains 3-5 errors that occasionally impede understanding.	Contains numerous errors that seriously impede understanding.